Many of the petrochemical industries are among the world’s largest energy users, and therefore, they need efficient boilers for their steam and power requirements. Steam is used for heating, boiling, separating, removing and Chemical reaction for refining crude oil and synthesis of petrochemicals.

Types of Boilers Used:

• Water Tube Boilers: Essential in petroleum refineries and the petrochemical industries because the operation conditions involve high temperature and pressure. They can generate large quantities of steam required where there is more usage, such as in the cracking process in crude oil refining and petrochemical industries.
• Fire Tube Boilers: Fire Tube Boilers are more suitable for use in less demanding contexts. These are usually installed at subsidiary production divisions, in the refinement and where moderate steam pressure is required.
• Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs): More prevalent in refineries which apply gas turbines in combined heat & power systems. The steam generation in the HRSGs requires the exhaust gasses from the turbines, utilizing the exhaust gasses and reducing the overall fuel utilization in turn.

Key Considerations for Boilers in Refineries:

• Efficiency and Fuel Flexibility: Fuels may occur in different forms to refineries, including but not limited to natural gas, refinery gas or the fuel oil, among others. A boiler needs to enable the firing by any of these above stated fuels depending upon its availability and efficiency.
• Reliability and Safety: Since refinery operations are crucial, boilers are supposed to supply steam on demand, and it must be on a round-the-clock basis. Efficiency, safety, availability, reliability and cost are some aspects that may be greatly affected by the quality of material used, the control system and effective maintenance of the boiler system.
• Emissions Control: Refineries are governed with a broad legal regulation on emission especially the Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, and Particulate matter. Environment compliance includes the boilers to use low NOx burners, flue gas recirculation and other emission control equipment.

Boilers remain essential equipment of refineries and petrochemical industries as they are required to supply the required steam and power for various processes in the industries besides maintaining operational efficiency and most importantly, keeping to environmental standards.