As India progresses in industries and manufacturing, it also witnesses a steady increase in the pollution level. Although pollution is caused due to various reasons, one of the main contributors to pollution is industrial waste. With the hazardous consequences of industrial disposal, the best course of action for industries is to opt for pollution control equipment to minimize the harm.
The government of India has taken several steps to monitor and tackle the problem of accelerating industrial emissions like Online Continuous Emissions/Effluents Monitoring Systems (OCEMS). This monitoring system monitors and regulates the emission of particulate matter (PM), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NOx (nitrogen oxide), CO (carbon monoxide), and fluoride. A study reveals that, on average, an Indian inhales up to 25 micrograms/cubic meter of toxic air in 24 hours, which is substantially higher than the World Health Organization’s maximum limit of 10 micrograms/cubic meter. It may cause severe damage to the lungs and the overall health with respiratory diseases, cancer, strokes, deafness, blindness, and other illnesses.
To control and maintain the level of pollution industries can avail themselves of various types of pollution control equipment. In the case of industrial steam boilers, one of them is cyclone dust collectors.
Cyclone dust collectors, as the name suggests, collect the excess dust particles from the boilers. It gained its initial recognition in the 1950s and has been serving its purpose since then with various advancements and modifications in design and structure. Cyclone dust collector uses centrifugal force instead of any specific moving parts to segregate the particulates like ash or other larger pollutants from the flue gases in the boiler. Cyclone dust collectors are classified into two types: Single Cyclone Dust Collector and Multi Cyclone Dust Collector.
Single Cyclone Dust Collector:
Single cyclone dust collector is one of the most basic and commonly used types of dust collector. It uses inertia and centrifugal force to separate dust particles from the exhausts in the boilers. Factors such as the size of particles, gas temperature, pressure, sticky dust particles, and moisture content are considered while manufacturing single cyclone dust collectors.
Functioning:
It is located before the dust filters, positioned near the vacuum pump in the system. The air starts spinning in a cyclonic motion as it pulls through the dust collector chamber towards the vacuum pump at high speed. The centrifugal force due to the high speed and cyclonic airflow steers the heavy particles and dust towards the cyclone chamber wall. As these particles hit the chamber, it loses velocity and falls in the bin or hopper placed under the cyclone dust collector.
Advantages of Single Cyclone Dust Collector:
1. Cost-effective
2. Economical and Easy to Maintain
3. Requires less footprint
4. Reduces the amount of dust and minimizes pollution
Multi Cyclone Dust Collector:
Multi Cyclone Dust Collector is the emerging and extensively preferred pollution control equipment in the industries. It uses centrifugal force, gravity settling, and inertia, forming a dual vortex to collect particulates. The efficiency of multi cyclone dust collectors depends on various factors like air temperature, moisture content, type of dust (stick, combustible, and abrasive), size of the particles, etc.
Functioning:
Multi Cyclone Dust Collector consists of numerous cyclones of small diameter that work collectively. It works by creating a downward and an inner whirling. When the gas enters the cyclonic collector, it accords with a whirling and cyclonic motion. This motion gives rise to the centrifugal force that directs the dust particles towards the walls of the collecting tubes. The particles fall at the bottom and are released from the system.
Multi Cyclone Dust Collectors are more effective pollution control equipment as compared with Single Cyclone Dust Collectors due to their small and long diameter that helps with better separation and collecting of dust.
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Advantages of Multi Cyclone Dust Collector:
- Effective Cleansing because of multiple cyclones
- Minimal Erosion and Air Pollution
- High-performance and Efficiency of Boiler
- Cost-effective and Less Maintenance
- Smooth Operation
Although cyclone dust collectors are excellent pollution control equipment that helps to optimize boiler efficiency, it is equally vital to ensure the maintenance and efficiency of dust collectors. If overlooked, it might hamper its functioning, which, in turn, would reduce the boiler efficiency and increase the harmful emissions. Some of the factors that affect cyclone dust collector efficiency are:
Diameter and Height of Cyclone:
The diameter of the cyclone must be optimal in size. While a small-sized diameter ensures greater centrifugal force and consequently higher efficiency; However, too small-sized a diameter might lower the efficiency due to the inability to collect the finer dust particles.
Air intake surface:
Since air intake is a crucial component of a dust collector, it greatly affects its efficiency. In other words, the smaller the air intake surfaces with high velocity, the greater the dust removal efficiency.
Speed of inlet wind:
The optimal range of inlet wind speed must be between 12 to 25 m/s. Speed below 12 m/s results in a drop in dust collector efficiency and higher than 25 m/s would result in increased resistance loss rather than efficiency that would resultantly increase the energy consumption.
Gas temperature:
As the temperature of gases increases, so does their viscosity. That results in a rise of centripetal force, hindering the separation and ultimately reducing the dust collector efficiency.
Rakhoh’s Range of Pollution Control Equipment:
Rakhoh Boilers are one of the leading boiler manufacturers in Pune and one of the trusted names in boiler suppliers in India. Since our inception in 1983, we have aimed for advancement and sustainability by delivering efficient industrial steam boilers and high-quality dust collectors. Rakhoh’s Trimax Type Single Cyclone Dust Collectors and Multi Cyclone Dust Collectors are efficient, reliable, and easy to maintain. We manufacture boiler accessories and pollution control equipment to ensure higher efficiency and the life cycle of boilers. Rakhoh also provides boiler-related services such as annual contract maintenance, training programs, automation and control systems, energy audit, etc.